YBX1 and cancer: In ovarian cancer patients, YBX1 modulates the expression of multiple downstream targets, including AKT, thereby promoting tumor proliferation and enhancing resistance to paclitaxel.302 Compared to non-resistant HCC cases, YBX1 expression is increased in chemotherapy-resistant HCC, indicating that YBX1 plays a key role in the observed chemoresistance in HCC.552 The m7G modification affects chemoresistance by regulating DNA damage repair, cancer migration, and invasion309,321,553,554 (Fig. 5).