AARS1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Recently, alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS1) was found to function as a lactate sensor that modulates global lactylation and increases the lactylation of p53, contributing to tumorigenesis.139 Moreover, there is a study indicated that extent of histone lactylation is connected to an unfavorable prognosis for those suffering from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).140 Studies have shown that an increase in histone lactylation promotes liver metastasis of colorectal cancer cells.