m5C-modified mRNA can reduce immune recognition by inhibiting Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby promoting immune evasion.633 In immunologically “cold” tumors, the activation of the cGAS/STING axis (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/STING axis) not only promotes tumor formation but also enhances resistance to PD-1 immunotherapy. Here, TLR3 is linked to neoplasm.