TLR3 and neoplasm: c-Myc is activated in the great majority of cancers.40–42 As a transcription factor,43,44 c-Myc regulates various biological programs including tumor immune escape and pathophysiological dysregulation in the TME.45 We validated TLR3 interaction with c-Myc in Panc1 cells (Fig. 5b, c) and in A549 cells (Supplementary Fig. 8a).