TLR3 and cancer: Phosphorylation is a reversible and dynamic process that involves the balanced activities of protein kinases and phosphatases.29 To uncover potential phosphatases that mediate phosphorylation of TLR3, we analyzed the TLR3-associated proteins in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cancer cells by LC-MS mass spectrometry and found nine phosphorylation-related kinases among the candidates (Supplementary Fig. 2c).