JAK1, a key component of the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/JAK1/STAT3, plays a crucial role in affecting the expression of genes that mediate inflammation, epithelial remodeling, and metastatic cancer progression.31–34 Chemotherapy may activate JAK1 via JAK1-S571 phosphorylation.35 The interaction of TLR3 and JAK1 in Panc1 and Cfpac cells was then verified through immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence (Fig. 2e, f and Supplementary Fig. 3d). This evidence concerns the gene JAK1 and metastatic malignant neoplasm.