Their resilience has been demonstrated in sporadic ALS patients (Gizzi et al. 1992; Kubota et al. 2000; Caligari et al. 2013), in mutant SOD1 ALS mice (Tjust et al. 2012; Valdez et al. 2012; Comley et al. 2016), and in inducible mutant TARDBP (also known as TDP-43) mice (Spiller et al. 2016). The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.