TRAF6 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: For example, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the ubiquitination of mammalian Ste20-like kinase 1 (MST1) by TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) unleashes YAP activity to amplify inflammation, while YAP overexpression disrupts the interaction of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ) to attenuate NF-κB pathway and mitigate inflammation (Wang et al., 2020).