TGFB1 and gastric cancer: This model specifically recapitulates human diffuse-type gastric cancer, which is characterized by CDH1 loss, intact chromosomes, and frequent alterations in TGF-β pathway components, representing approximately 20% of human gastric cancers and associated with younger age at diagnosis, female predominance, and poor prognosis (Pinheiro et al., 2010; Luo et al., 2018; Nadauld et al., 2014).