KRAS and gastric cancer: The similar phenotypes between KRAS activation and PTEN loss reflect the convergent effects of these alterations on PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways, both of which are frequently dysregulated in human gastric cancer and promote epithelial proliferation and survival (Baghery Saghchy Khorasani et al., 2021; Fattahi et al., 2020; Morgos et al., 2024).