Regarding the IL-16 (rs4072111) gene, a significant association between genetic variations and PI risk was identified among the Chinese Han population.34 However, the relationship between IL-16 (rs4072111) genetic variants and periodontitis susceptibility was insignificant in another study on Brazilians.72 Moreover, particular gene polymorphisms of IL-10 -819 and IL-10 -592 potentially contribute to PI pathogenesis among Iranians.13 In contrast, Jamshidy et al24 denied any significant association between PID and the mentioned polymorphisms in Asian subjects. This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and pelvic inflammatory disease.