The mentioned mechanisms contribute to inflammation, bone loss, connective tissue destruction, and impaired periodontal repair.65 Salivary levels of TNF-α elevate in patients with periodontitis, making this biomarker a promising tool for screening and diagnosing periodontal diseases.66 In line with this, Ghassib et al67 introduced TNF-α as an adjunct to differentiating healthy periodontium from PIM- and PI-affected sites. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and periodontitis.