TLR3 and neoplasm: Moreover, anti-tumor agent polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, a synthetic double-stranded RNA, mimics the features of TLR3 ligands (like viral particles) and binds to this receptor, initiating immunological responses and causes inflammation (Manetti et al., 1995; Fortier et al., 2004; Forte et al., 2012).