TGFB1 and neoplasm: Furthermore, FAT1 has been shown to regulate various canonical signaling pathways, including Hippo, WNT/β-catenin, TGF-β, and PI3K/AKT, all of which have been proven to be relevant to immune regulation (Chen Z. G. et al., 2022), indirectly substantiating FAT1’s regulatory role in the tumor immune system.