A retrospective analysis revealed that chemotherapy plus PD-1 for locally advanced unresectable ESCC can receive better conversion surgery rate (81.3% vs. 66.7%), ORR (73.5% vs. 48.9%), and 2-year event-free survival (76.4% vs. 42.4%) compared with chemotherapy alone (Xu et al., 2024). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.