AKT1 and glioma: These findings indicate ROS-dependent AKT/mTORC1 pathway inhibition as the mechanistic basis for PPI-mediated autophagy induction (Luo et al., 2022).Similarly, PPVII activates autophagic flux in glioma models through LC3-II upregulation coupled with AKT inactivation and SQSTM1/p62 degradation (Pang et al., 2020).