Notably, PPI exhibits dual pro-death effects in temozolomide-resistant gliomas, coordinately activating p38-JNK MAPK signaling to drive ROS-mediated apoptosis and autophagy (Feng et al., 2024).Yuan and his team further confirmed that PPVI triggers autophagy in U2OS osteosarcoma cells through ROS modulation. Here, MAPK8 is linked to osteosarcoma.