IL1B and oral mucositis: Rebamipide mitigates oral mucositis primarily by upregulating mucosal prostaglandin E2 synthesis and scavenging free radicals, which enhances mucosal defense, reduces inflammation, and promotes epithelial healing. Benzydamine acts by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β) and stabilizing cell membranes, providing local analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects to reduce mucosal pain and inflammation in oral mucositis.