Additionally, Liu et al. linked the use of probiotics (Lactobacillus ​​​​​plantarum, Bifidobacterium longum) to improved gut barrier function, as evidenced by lower serum zonulin levels, a marker of intestinal permeability, and a 30% reduction in postoperative infections in patients undergoing liver metastasis surgery (p = 0.008) [30]. This evidence concerns the gene HP and infection.