CD8A and neoplasm: For instance, irradiation enhances the activity of CD8+ T lymphocytes, which are important for post-radiation tumor control.63 Radiation also modulates tumor cell surface markers, such as death receptors, tumor-associated antigens, and adhesion molecules, making tumor cells more susceptible to immune-mediated killing.64 Understanding the immune effects of radiotherapy and its synergy in immuno-oncology requires identifying optimal treatment schedules and tumor microenvironment conditions.