In ESCC, prior studies have linked elevated peripheral blood levels of S100A8 with responsiveness to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.45 Moreover, one report showed that forced nuclear localization of S100A8/A9 monomers could promote the transcription of cancer-associated genes and enhance breast cancer cell transformation,46 suggesting that the subcellular localization of S100A8/A9 may underlie its context-dependent functions. The gene discussed is S100A8; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.