In the present randomized clinical trial, the evident changes in microbial species involved in butyrate and propionate production as well as fecal SCFA, butyrate, and propionate concentrations with the intrinsic fiber dried chicory root product led to a trend toward enhanced peripheral insulin sensitivity and a significantly increased non-oxidative glucose disposal and whole-body insulin sensitivity in individuals with overweight or obesity at risk for T2D. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Obesity.