STAT3 and cancer: However, while these results indicate a correlation, further studies are required to elucidate the direct impact of RT-ZnO NPs on the activation or inhibition of the p53/STAT3 signalling pathway, These results demonstrate the potential of RT-ZnO NPs as a potential option for targeted PC therapy, with minimal effects on healthy cells, highlighting their usefulness in cancer nanomedicine and the development of environmentally friendly therapeutics.