Microglial GPNMB induction is a feature shared by the PS2APP/TauP301L mouse model of Alzheimer disease56, the brain of Grn knockout mice, a model for both frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis-11 (CLN11)63, and mouse models of epilepsy64. Here, GPNMB is linked to neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 11.