Abbreviations: OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, hs-CRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, PTH = parathyroid hormone, DM = diabetes mellitus, HTN = hypertension, SES = socioeconomic status, HCV = hepatitis C virus, HBV = hepatitis B virus, AV = arteriovenous, CVC = central venous catheter. Here, PTH is linked to diabetes mellitus.