STAT1 and inflammation: Cimifugin significantly ameliorated symptoms and attenuated colon and lung injury in a UC mouse model, restored the integrity of the intestinal and lung epithelial barriers, and suppressed lung inflammation, which was achieved by inhibiting the JAK1/STAT1 pathway and the M1 macrophage-mediated inflammatory state in the colon and lungs, as well as by improving the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota.