TMEM40 and urinary bladder cancer: High TMEM40 expression correlates with malignant behavior and tumorigenesis in bladder cancer (Zhang et al., 2018), tongue squamous cell carcinoma (Zhang et al., 2019), and cervical cancer (Zhang et al., 2023), whereas decreased TMEM40 expression is linked to malignant behavior in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (Yu et al., 2021), Recent studies suggest that COL2A1 may serve as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for chondrosarcoma (Miwa et al., 2022).