Genomic Instability and Oncogenic Effects of β-HPV: The oncoproteins E6/E7 induce epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation) and mutations in TP53 or NOTCH1, by interfering with tumor suppressor genes (p53 and Rb), thereby promoting cell proliferation and leading to squamous cell carcinoma [2]. Here, TP53 is linked to squamous cell carcinoma.