In vivo experiments demonstrated that overexpression of SPP1 in ENO1-KO cells increased tumor volume and weight compared to ENO1-KO tumors (Additional file3P-R) and reduced the abundance of CD8+ T cells, IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells, and GZMB+ CD8+ T cells (Fig. 4M, N). This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and neoplasm.