We hypothesized that a higher dose of dexamethasone would increase PG levels and the risks of hyperglycemic (PG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L) and severe hyperglycemic (PG ≥ 20 mmol/L) events, as well as more insulin use compared to the standard dose of dexamethasone regardless of baseline diabetes status. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.