Additionally, GM-CSF stimulates the growth of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, promoting ulcer surface repair and wound healing.94 The use of GM-CSF for oral administration or gargling has a definite effect on preventing RIOM, effectively delaying the progression of RIOM to severe stages.95–97 A GM-CSF oral rinse (150 g GM-CSF in 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl solution) was prepared and gargled 4 times a day from the pretreatment date (25 mL per wash >3 min) and swallowed in small amounts after gargling. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is ulcer disease.