In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were modified by encapsulating anti-miR-221 and adding to their surfaces DNA aptamer AS1411, which can interact specifically with nucleolin in AML cells, thereby targeting the nucleolin/miR-221/NF-κB/DNMT1 signaling pathway responsible for leukemogenesis (Deng et al. 2018). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and acute myeloid leukemia.