In this study, we utilized transcriptomics to identify a ‘TNF+PGE2’ (TP) signature in ex vivo-stimulated monocytes and showed expression of this signature in previously identified RA macrophage subsets and in ICI-arthritis IL-1β+ synovial macrophage subsets that were defined by single cell RNA sequencing. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is arthritic joint disease.