High-level expression of inflammatory genes in RA synovitis has long been appreciated, and recent studies using high-dimensional single-cell profiling technologies have identified subsets of synovial monocytes/macrophages (hereafter termed MonoMacs) and highlighted a pervasive IFN signature and likely pathogenic myeloid subsets that coordinately express NF-κB target genes and interferon-stimulated genes (Alivernini et al., 2020; Kuo et al., 2019; Lewis et al., 2019; Mandelin et al., 2018; Orange et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2023; Zhang et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and rheumatoid arthritis.