When we performed a thorough analysis of immunoglobulin class (M, G, A) and IgG isotypes to VlsE broken by Lyme disease stage, we found that the Early Acute Lyme disease panels contained the highest variety of immunoglobulin, ranging from IgM to IgG3/IgG1 to IgA1, whereas Early Convalescent, Lyme Arthritis, and PTLDS were enriched mostly for IgG1 (Fig. 2). Here, IGHA1 is linked to Lyme disease.