The observed reduction of IL-15 with EAA may affect the control of SIV/HIV infection, as IL-15 enhances memory T cell survival, particularly CD8+ T cells (56); stimulates HIV/SIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte expansion (57); and promotes the expansion and differentiation of natural killer cells and macrophage maturation (55). This evidence concerns the gene IL15 and HIV infectious disease.