CD4 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Individuals with obesity exhibit a higher ratio of CD8+ to CD4+ T cells, a larger proportion of more pro-inflammatory (i.e., Th1 and Th17) T cell subsets, decreased immunosuppressive Treg cells,5,6,7,8,9 and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines such as the chemokine MCP-1.2