In IBD mouse models, APMX has been shown to increase levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-10, while decreasing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-17 (101). Here, IL6 is linked to irritable bowel syndrome.