AFP and infection: Logistic regression analysis identified several independent predictors of HCC: age >45 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.45; 95% CI: 1.38-4.36; p = 0.002), cirrhosis (AOR: 3.87; 95% CI: 2.15-6.96; p < 0.001), infection duration ≥5 years (AOR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.01-2.59; p = 0.046), AFP >20 ng/mL (AOR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.74-5.48; p < 0.001), and presence of comorbidities (AOR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.09-3.15; p = 0.022).