Specific pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, the Ras–Raf–MEK–ERK pathway, Wn signaling, the NF‐κB pathway, the Hippo pathway, and genes (P53, PTEN, CDKN2A, HRAS, PIK3CA, NOTCH1, IRF6, & TP63) are involved in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) pathogenesis (Kumari et al. 2024). The gene discussed is PIK3CA; the disease is oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.