Notably, the level of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) was found to be higher in DCM patients with type 2 diabetes in a study from Spain (Dominguez-Rodriguez et al., 2014) and is thus a prognostic marker in DCM (Domínguez-Rodríguez et al., 2016). The gene discussed is GDF15; the disease is familial dilated cardiomyopathy.