These results support the therapeutic potential of Astragalus and red peony in ameliorating pulmonary fibrosis, mainly in the PI3K-AKT pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and apoptosis.[41] Thymol is a dietary metabolite found in thyme species can up-regulate the expression of miR-29a in the lung and reduce TGF-β and PI3K/AKT signaling, which plays a significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.