AS-IV alleviates RF through AKT1/GSK-3β pathway.[113] Total flavonoid extracts (PTFS) inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT progression by blocking miR-21/PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.[114] Culipa cylindricata, a medicinal plant used in TCM, has been used to treat CKD by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway by down-regulating liver X receptor α, thereby attenuating M2 macrophage polarization and thereby alleviating RF.[115] Curcumin inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and curcumin is a promising therapeutic agent for RF. Here, AKT1 is linked to chronic kidney disease.