OMT attenuated TGF-β1-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in AEC by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.[34] Eupatilin is the main metabolite extracted from the traditional herb Artemisia asiatica Nakai, which inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by activating Sestrin2/PI3K/AKT/mTOR-dependent autophagy pathway.[35]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis.