TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis: Quercetin attenuates HSC activation and reduces autophagy by regulating the crosstalk between TGF-β1/SMADs and PI3K/AKT pathways, thereby preventing hepatic fibrosis.[69] Aronia melanocarpa polysaccharide treatment blocked TGF-β1/SMADs pathway to inhibit ECM production and alleviate hepatic fibrosis.