Clinical and experimental studies have elucidated the role of type I IFNs in inducing BAFF and APRIL production by dendritic cells and macrophages during viral infections.[17] Lundell et al demonstrated that IFN-γ and IFN-α stimulation prompts BAFF secretion from basal cells in both basal and decidual membranes.[18] Furthermore, Kato et al showed that double-stranded RNA induces IFN-β expression in airway epithelial cells, subsequently activating BAFF and contributing to autoimmune disease progression.[19]. Here, TNFSF13 is linked to autoimmune disease.