We have shown that Il1rl1 blockade enhanced graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity against MLL-AF9 (KMT2A-MLLT3) AML after hematopoietic cell transplantation and this survival benefit was higher than expected with the sole graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) protection17, suggesting a potential increase in the antitumoral activity upon Il1rl1 neutralization of the malignant niche. This evidence concerns the gene IL1RL1 and acute myeloid leukemia.