Studies in human cardiomyopathy patients show that an additional consequence of IF disorganisation is abnormal localisation of important ID proteins including β-catenin, N-cadherin, desmoplakin and connexin43 which are involved in cell adhesion, mechanotransduction, cell-cell communication and electrical coupling [13–17,29,32,39,61,78–81]. Here, DSP is linked to cardiomyopathy.