MTHFR and placental insufficiency: These included miscarriage (via a reduction in hyperhomocysteinemia; the reduction was also seen across women with various MTHFR genotypes and those at increased risk of miscarriage), pre-eclampsia, anemia (including IDA, via improvements in iron status and anemia indicators such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, ferritin, and transferrin transport proteins), preterm births, and placental insufficiency (in healthy women and those at high risk).