Overexpression of ALDH3A1 has been observed in various cancers, including those affecting the oral cavity, esophagus, nasal structures, and minor salivary glands.22, 23, 24 ALDH3A1 was recently identified as a marker of cancer stem cells that have positive correlations with chemoresistance, tumor progression, and poor clinical outcomes in the context of cancer. This evidence concerns the gene ALDH3A1 and cancer.