For HER2, the habitats model achieved an AUC of 0.692 (95% CI: 0.581-0.803), higher than those of the whole-tumor model (AUC = 0.591, 95% CI: 0.458-0.725) and the CF model (AUC = 0.598, 95% CI: 0.472-0.724). Here, ERBB2 is linked to neoplasm.