PCNA and neoplasm: Notably, gene and functionalenrichment analysis identified key PCNA-associated pathways such aserror-prone translesion synthesis, DNA replication, DNA damage, DNArepair processes, and invasion, underscoring its role in tumorigenesis.Additionally, PCNA expression was significantly correlated with activatedCD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, IDO1, and PDCD1, suggesting its potentialrole in modulating an altered tumor microenvironment and immune evasionmechanisms.