ADRB3 and Alzheimer disease: Chronic β3-adrenergic receptor (β3AR) activation has also been shown to enhance neurovascular coupling and reduce blood-brain barrier leakage in aged mice (Natarajan et al., 2025) Additionally, novel α1AR agonists have shown improved synaptic plasticity in AD models without hypertensive effects (Papay et al., 2023), addressing a key limitation of earlier adrenergic therapies.