The immune effects of tumor‐directed vaccines, PD‐L1 blockade, TGF‐β sequestration, IL‐15 agonism, and IDO1 inhibition can be additive and/or synergistic. This includes TGF‐β’s putative role in T‐cell exclusion from the tumor microenvironment (TME) in metastatic urothelial carcinoma, which can be reversed with dual targeting of TGF‐β and PD‐L1. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.