NR3C1 and post-traumatic stress disorder: It has been found that single prolonged stress (SPS), a PTSD-like experimental model consisting of exposure to a psychological (i.e. restraint), physical (i.e. forced swim stress) and pharmacological (i.e. gas anesthesia) stressor in one prolonged session, induced PTSD-like behavioral alterations linked with increased hippocampal GR expression and activation in rats (Liberzon et al., 1999; Kohda et al., 2007), which may represent one of the mechanisms underlying the enhanced HPA axis feedback observed in PTSD patients.