An experimental result showed that ECT2 can act as GEF to mediate the transformation and growth of tumor cells by activating Rac in the nucleus and RhoA in the cytoplasm; In cells, nuclear-localized ECT2 and its Rho GEF activity can promote the growth and transformation of ovarian cancer cells; However, cytoplasmically localized ECT2 does not promote the transformation of cancer cells, but may counteract its role in the nucleus (Haverty et al., 2009). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and neoplasm.