TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis: Echinacoside, a natural phenol belonging to the phenylpropanoid class of caffeic acid glycosides, suppresses liver fibrosis in vivo by reducing the expression of TGF-β1, β-catenin, Smad4, MMP-9, PI3K, mTOR, cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2), platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGFB) (115).