Similarly, the TGF-βR I inhibitor (vactosertib) or the C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 inhibitor (AMD3100), in combination with anti-PD-L1, has been shown to significantly inhibit SYR-related high-mobility group box 18-mediated HCC progression and metastasis (82). Here, CD274 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.