TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis: Esculetin, a coumarin compound belonging to the benzopyran derivative class, alleviates high-fat diet-induced liver fibrosis by activating Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) through modulation of the Akt/PI3K/FoxO1 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting TGF-β-mediated lipid peroxidation and ECM protein accumulation (110).