Inflammatory and even neoplastic diseases of the liver caused by HBV infection aggravate the prognosis of patients infected with hepatitis B. However, combined with the characteristics of HBV and the current treatment status, there are still great challenges in the cure of hepatitis B. Peg-IFN-α remains the most promising clinical option for achieving a cure in CHB. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is hepatitis B virus infection.