The evaluation of the possible role played by γδ T cells in our experimental system is further complicated by both anti-tumor and pro-tumor effects of these cells.55 Next, differential gene expression analysis revealed a higher multifaceted activation of CD8+ T cells and NK cells after the combined therapy DNAvac+ASPHi compared to DNA vaccination alone, which was particularly associated with the expression of some activation receptors, chemokine ligands and receptors, and cytokines. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.