The PaIN phenotype we observe in ASH resembles other C. elegans neurodegeneration phenotypes, including degeneration of neurons including ASI (amphid single cilium neuron I) during P. aeruginosa infection (63), PVQ (posterior ventral process neuron Q) during mitochondrial loss (65), and PVD (posterior ventral process neuron D) during hyperactivation of NLP-29 peptides by an overactive immune response to fungal infection (64). Here, NINL is linked to fungal infectious disease.