The O-linked glycosylation of mucins pathway was enriched with nine key proteins, including B2GNT7, C1GALT1, GALNT1, GALNT4, GALNT5, GALNT6, GALNT7, MUC13, and MUC5AC, each demonstrating significant upregulation in IPMN compared to ND (Figure 5B). This evidence concerns the gene C1GALT1 and pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm.